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searx/botdetection/link_token.py

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+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""
+Method ``link_token``
+---------------------
+
+The ``link_token`` method evaluates a request as :py:obj:`suspicious
+<is_suspicious>` if the URL ``/client<token>.css`` is not requested by the
+client.  By adding a random component (the token) in the URL, a bot can not send
+a ping by request a static URL.
+
+.. note::
+
+   This method requires a redis DB and needs a HTTP X-Forwarded-For_ header.
+
+To get in use of this method a flask URL route needs to be added:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   @app.route('/client<token>.css', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
+   def client_token(token=None):
+       link_token.ping(request, token)
+       return Response('', mimetype='text/css')
+
+And in the HTML template from flask a stylesheet link is needed (the value of
+``link_token`` comes from :py:obj:`get_token`):
+
+.. code:: html
+
+   <link rel="stylesheet"
+         href="{{ url_for('client_token', token=link_token) }}"
+         type="text/css" >
+
+.. _X-Forwarded-For:
+   https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For
+
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+from ipaddress import (
+    IPv4Network,
+    IPv6Network,
+    ip_address,
+)
+
+import string
+import random
+
+from searx import logger
+from searx import redisdb
+from searx.redislib import secret_hash
+from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Request
+
+from ._helpers import (
+    get_network,
+    get_real_ip,
+)
+
+TOKEN_LIVE_TIME = 600
+"""Lifetime (sec) of limiter's CSS token."""
+
+PING_LIVE_TIME = 3600
+"""Lifetime (sec) of the ping-key from a client (request)"""
+
+PING_KEY = 'SearXNG_limiter.ping'
+"""Prefix of all ping-keys generated by :py:obj:`get_ping_key`"""
+
+TOKEN_KEY = 'SearXNG_limiter.token'
+"""Key for which the current token is stored in the DB"""
+
+logger = logger.getChild('botdetection.link_token')
+
+
+def is_suspicious(network: IPv4Network | IPv6Network, request: SXNG_Request, renew: bool = False):
+    """Checks whether a valid ping is exists for this (client) network, if not
+    this request is rated as *suspicious*.  If a valid ping exists and argument
+    ``renew`` is ``True`` the expire time of this ping is reset to
+    :py:obj:`PING_LIVE_TIME`.
+
+    """
+    redis_client = redisdb.client()
+    if not redis_client:
+        return False
+
+    ping_key = get_ping_key(network, request)
+    if not redis_client.get(ping_key):
+        logger.info("missing ping (IP: %s) / request: %s", network.compressed, ping_key)
+        return True
+
+    if renew:
+        redis_client.set(ping_key, 1, ex=PING_LIVE_TIME)
+
+    logger.debug("found ping for (client) network %s -> %s", network.compressed, ping_key)
+    return False
+
+
+def ping(request: SXNG_Request, token: str):
+    """This function is called by a request to URL ``/client<token>.css``.  If
+    ``token`` is valid a :py:obj:`PING_KEY` for the client is stored in the DB.
+    The expire time of this ping-key is :py:obj:`PING_LIVE_TIME`.
+
+    """
+    from . import redis_client, cfg  # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel, cyclic-import
+
+    if not redis_client:
+        return
+    if not token_is_valid(token):
+        return
+
+    real_ip = ip_address(get_real_ip(request))
+    network = get_network(real_ip, cfg)
+
+    ping_key = get_ping_key(network, request)
+    logger.debug("store ping_key for (client) network %s (IP %s) -> %s", network.compressed, real_ip, ping_key)
+    redis_client.set(ping_key, 1, ex=PING_LIVE_TIME)
+
+
+def get_ping_key(network: IPv4Network | IPv6Network, request: SXNG_Request) -> str:
+    """Generates a hashed key that fits (more or less) to a *WEB-browser
+    session* in a network."""
+    return (
+        PING_KEY
+        + "["
+        + secret_hash(
+            network.compressed + request.headers.get('Accept-Language', '') + request.headers.get('User-Agent', '')
+        )
+        + "]"
+    )
+
+
+def token_is_valid(token) -> bool:
+    valid = token == get_token()
+    logger.debug("token is valid --> %s", valid)
+    return valid
+
+
+def get_token() -> str:
+    """Returns current token.  If there is no currently active token a new token
+    is generated randomly and stored in the redis DB.
+
+    - :py:obj:`TOKEN_LIVE_TIME`
+    - :py:obj:`TOKEN_KEY`
+
+    """
+    redis_client = redisdb.client()
+    if not redis_client:
+        # This function is also called when limiter is inactive / no redis DB
+        # (see render function in webapp.py)
+        return '12345678'
+    token = redis_client.get(TOKEN_KEY)
+    if token:
+        token = token.decode('UTF-8')
+    else:
+        token = ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits) for _ in range(16))
+        redis_client.set(TOKEN_KEY, token, ex=TOKEN_LIVE_TIME)
+    return token