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Iyas Altawil
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
"""This is the implementation of the Google WEB engine. Some of this
implementations (manly the :py:obj:`get_google_info`) are shared by other
engines:
- :ref:`google images engine`
- :ref:`google news engine`
- :ref:`google videos engine`
- :ref:`google scholar engine`
- :ref:`google autocomplete`
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
import re
import random
import string
import time
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from lxml import html
import babel
import babel.core
import babel.languages
from searx.utils import extract_text, eval_xpath, eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath_getindex
from searx.locales import language_tag, region_tag, get_official_locales
from searx.network import get # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762
from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineCaptchaException
from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
from searx.result_types import EngineResults
if TYPE_CHECKING:
import logging
logger: logging.Logger
traits: EngineTraits
# about
about = {
"website": 'https://www.google.com',
"wikidata_id": 'Q9366',
"official_api_documentation": 'https://developers.google.com/custom-search/',
"use_official_api": False,
"require_api_key": False,
"results": 'HTML',
}
# engine dependent config
categories = ['general', 'web']
paging = True
max_page = 50
"""`Google max 50 pages`_
.. _Google max 50 pages: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2982
"""
time_range_support = True
safesearch = True
time_range_dict = {'day': 'd', 'week': 'w', 'month': 'm', 'year': 'y'}
# Filter results. 0: None, 1: Moderate, 2: Strict
filter_mapping = {0: 'off', 1: 'medium', 2: 'high'}
# specific xpath variables
# ------------------------
# Suggestions are links placed in a *card-section*, we extract only the text
# from the links not the links itself.
suggestion_xpath = '//div[contains(@class, "EIaa9b")]//a'
_arcid_range = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_-"
_arcid_random: tuple[str, int] | None = None
def ui_async(start: int) -> str:
"""Format of the response from UI's async request.
- ``arc_id:<...>,use_ac:true,_fmt:prog``
The arc_id is random generated every hour.
"""
global _arcid_random # pylint: disable=global-statement
use_ac = "use_ac:true"
# _fmt:html returns a HTTP 500 when user search for celebrities like
# '!google natasha allegri' or '!google chris evans'
_fmt = "_fmt:prog"
# create a new random arc_id every hour
if not _arcid_random or (int(time.time()) - _arcid_random[1]) > 3600:
_arcid_random = (''.join(random.choices(_arcid_range, k=23)), int(time.time()))
arc_id = f"arc_id:srp_{_arcid_random[0]}_1{start:02}"
return ",".join([arc_id, use_ac, _fmt])
def get_google_info(params, eng_traits):
"""Composing various (language) properties for the google engines (:ref:`google
API`).
This function is called by the various google engines (:ref:`google web
engine`, :ref:`google images engine`, :ref:`google news engine` and
:ref:`google videos engine`).
:param dict param: Request parameters of the engine. At least
a ``searxng_locale`` key should be in the dictionary.
:param eng_traits: Engine's traits fetched from google preferences
(:py:obj:`searx.enginelib.traits.EngineTraits`)
:rtype: dict
:returns:
Py-Dictionary with the key/value pairs:
language:
The language code that is used by google (e.g. ``lang_en`` or
``lang_zh-TW``)
country:
The country code that is used by google (e.g. ``US`` or ``TW``)
locale:
A instance of :py:obj:`babel.core.Locale` build from the
``searxng_locale`` value.
subdomain:
Google subdomain :py:obj:`google_domains` that fits to the country
code.
params:
Py-Dictionary with additional request arguments (can be passed to
:py:func:`urllib.parse.urlencode`).
- ``hl`` parameter: specifies the interface language of user interface.
- ``lr`` parameter: restricts search results to documents written in
a particular language.
- ``cr`` parameter: restricts search results to documents
originating in a particular country.
- ``ie`` parameter: sets the character encoding scheme that should
be used to interpret the query string ('utf8').
- ``oe`` parameter: sets the character encoding scheme that should
be used to decode the XML result ('utf8').
headers:
Py-Dictionary with additional HTTP headers (can be passed to
request's headers)
- ``Accept: '*/*``
"""
ret_val = {
'language': None,
'country': None,
'subdomain': None,
'params': {},
'headers': {},
'cookies': {},
'locale': None,
}
sxng_locale = params.get('searxng_locale', 'all')
try:
locale = babel.Locale.parse(sxng_locale, sep='-')
except babel.core.UnknownLocaleError:
locale = None
eng_lang = eng_traits.get_language(sxng_locale, 'lang_en')
lang_code = eng_lang.split('_')[-1] # lang_zh-TW --> zh-TW / lang_en --> en
country = eng_traits.get_region(sxng_locale, eng_traits.all_locale)
# Test zh_hans & zh_hant --> in the topmost links in the result list of list
# TW and HK you should a find wiktionary.org zh_hant link. In the result
# list of zh-CN should not be no hant link instead you should find
# zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh somewhere in the top.
# '!go 日 :zh-TW' --> https://zh.m.wiktionary.org/zh-hant/%E6%97%A5
# '!go 日 :zh-CN' --> https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh/%E6%97%A5
ret_val['language'] = eng_lang
ret_val['country'] = country
ret_val['locale'] = locale
ret_val['subdomain'] = eng_traits.custom['supported_domains'].get(country.upper(), 'www.google.com')
# hl parameter:
# The hl parameter specifies the interface language (host language) of
# your user interface. To improve the performance and the quality of your
# search results, you are strongly encouraged to set this parameter
# explicitly.
# https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#hlsp
# The Interface Language:
# https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results_appendices#interfaceLanguages
# https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2515#issuecomment-1607150817
ret_val['params']['hl'] = f'{lang_code}-{country}'
# lr parameter:
# The lr (language restrict) parameter restricts search results to
# documents written in a particular language.
# https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#lrsp
# Language Collection Values:
# https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results_appendices#languageCollections
#
# To select 'all' languages an empty 'lr' value is used.
#
# Different to other google services, Google Scholar supports to select more
# than one language. The languages are separated by a pipe '|' (logical OR).
# By example: &lr=lang_zh-TW%7Clang_de selects articles written in
# traditional chinese OR german language.
ret_val['params']['lr'] = eng_lang
if sxng_locale == 'all':
ret_val['params']['lr'] = ''
# cr parameter:
# The cr parameter restricts search results to documents originating in a
# particular country.
# https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#crsp
# specify a region (country) only if a region is given in the selected
# locale --> https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2672
ret_val['params']['cr'] = ''
if len(sxng_locale.split('-')) > 1:
ret_val['params']['cr'] = 'country' + country
# gl parameter: (mandatory by Google News)
# The gl parameter value is a two-letter country code. For WebSearch
# results, the gl parameter boosts search results whose country of origin
# matches the parameter value. See the Country Codes section for a list of
# valid values.
# Specifying a gl parameter value in WebSearch requests should improve the
# relevance of results. This is particularly true for international
# customers and, even more specifically, for customers in English-speaking
# countries other than the United States.
# https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#glsp
# https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2515#issuecomment-1606294635
# ret_val['params']['gl'] = country
# ie parameter:
# The ie parameter sets the character encoding scheme that should be used
# to interpret the query string. The default ie value is latin1.
# https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#iesp
ret_val['params']['ie'] = 'utf8'
# oe parameter:
# The oe parameter sets the character encoding scheme that should be used
# to decode the XML result. The default oe value is latin1.
# https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#oesp
ret_val['params']['oe'] = 'utf8'
# num parameter:
# The num parameter identifies the number of search results to return.
# The default num value is 10, and the maximum value is 20. If you request
# more than 20 results, only 20 results will be returned.
# https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results#numsp
# HINT: seems to have no effect (tested in google WEB & Images)
# ret_val['params']['num'] = 20
# HTTP headers
ret_val['headers']['Accept'] = '*/*'
# Cookies
# - https://github.com/searxng/searxng/pull/1679#issuecomment-1235432746
# - https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/1555
ret_val['cookies']['CONSENT'] = "YES+"
return ret_val
def detect_google_sorry(resp):
if resp.url.host == 'sorry.google.com' or resp.url.path.startswith('/sorry'):
raise SearxEngineCaptchaException()
def request(query, params):
"""Google search request"""
# pylint: disable=line-too-long
start = (params['pageno'] - 1) * 10
str_async = ui_async(start)
google_info = get_google_info(params, traits)
logger.debug("ARC_ID: %s", str_async)
# https://www.google.de/search?q=corona&hl=de&lr=lang_de&start=0&tbs=qdr%3Ad&safe=medium
query_url = (
'https://'
+ google_info['subdomain']
+ '/search'
+ "?"
+ urlencode(
{
'q': query,
**google_info['params'],
'filter': '0',
'start': start,
# 'vet': '12ahUKEwik3ZbIzfn7AhXMX_EDHbUDBh0QxK8CegQIARAC..i',
# 'ved': '2ahUKEwik3ZbIzfn7AhXMX_EDHbUDBh0Q_skCegQIARAG',
# 'cs' : 1,
# 'sa': 'N',
# 'yv': 3,
# 'prmd': 'vin',
# 'ei': 'GASaY6TxOcy_xc8PtYeY6AE',
# 'sa': 'N',
# 'sstk': 'AcOHfVkD7sWCSAheZi-0tx_09XDO55gTWY0JNq3_V26cNN-c8lfD45aZYPI8s_Bqp8s57AHz5pxchDtAGCA_cikAWSjy9kw3kgg'
# formally known as use_mobile_ui
'asearch': 'arc',
'async': str_async,
}
)
)
if params['time_range'] in time_range_dict:
query_url += '&' + urlencode({'tbs': 'qdr:' + time_range_dict[params['time_range']]})
if params['safesearch']:
query_url += '&' + urlencode({'safe': filter_mapping[params['safesearch']]})
params['url'] = query_url
params['cookies'] = google_info['cookies']
params['headers'].update(google_info['headers'])
return params
# =26;[3,"dimg_ZNMiZPCqE4apxc8P3a2tuAQ_137"]a87;data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABA
# ...6T+9Nl4cnD+gr9OK8I56/tX3l86nWYw//2Q==26;
RE_DATA_IMAGE = re.compile(r'"(dimg_[^"]*)"[^;]*;(data:image[^;]*;[^;]*);')
RE_DATA_IMAGE_end = re.compile(r'"(dimg_[^"]*)"[^;]*;(data:image[^;]*;[^;]*)$')
def parse_data_images(text: str):
data_image_map = {}
for img_id, data_image in RE_DATA_IMAGE.findall(text):
end_pos = data_image.rfind('=')
if end_pos > 0:
data_image = data_image[: end_pos + 1]
data_image_map[img_id] = data_image
last = RE_DATA_IMAGE_end.search(text)
if last:
data_image_map[last.group(1)] = last.group(2)
logger.debug('data:image objects --> %s', list(data_image_map.keys()))
return data_image_map
def response(resp) -> EngineResults:
"""Get response from google's search request"""
# pylint: disable=too-many-branches, too-many-statements
detect_google_sorry(resp)
data_image_map = parse_data_images(resp.text)
results = EngineResults()
# convert the text to dom
dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
# results --> answer
answer_list = eval_xpath(dom, '//div[contains(@class, "LGOjhe")]')
for item in answer_list:
for bubble in eval_xpath(item, './/div[@class="nnFGuf"]'):
bubble.drop_tree()
results.add(
results.types.Answer(
answer=extract_text(item),
url=(eval_xpath(item, '../..//a/@href') + [None])[0],
)
)
# parse results
for result in eval_xpath_list(dom, './/div[contains(@jscontroller, "SC7lYd")]'):
# pylint: disable=too-many-nested-blocks
try:
title_tag = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/a/h3[1]', 0, default=None)
if title_tag is None:
# this not one of the common google results *section*
logger.debug('ignoring item from the result_xpath list: missing title')
continue
title = extract_text(title_tag)
url = eval_xpath_getindex(result, './/a[h3]/@href', 0, None)
if url is None:
logger.debug('ignoring item from the result_xpath list: missing url of title "%s"', title)
continue
content_nodes = eval_xpath(result, './/div[contains(@data-sncf, "1")]')
for item in content_nodes:
for script in item.xpath(".//script"):
script.getparent().remove(script)
content = extract_text(content_nodes)
if not content:
logger.debug('ignoring item from the result_xpath list: missing content of title "%s"', title)
continue
thumbnail = content_nodes[0].xpath('.//img/@src')
if thumbnail:
thumbnail = thumbnail[0]
if thumbnail.startswith('data:image'):
img_id = content_nodes[0].xpath('.//img/@id')
if img_id:
thumbnail = data_image_map.get(img_id[0])
else:
thumbnail = None
results.append({'url': url, 'title': title, 'content': content, 'thumbnail': thumbnail})
except Exception as e: # pylint: disable=broad-except
logger.error(e, exc_info=True)
continue
# parse suggestion
for suggestion in eval_xpath_list(dom, suggestion_xpath):
# append suggestion
results.append({'suggestion': extract_text(suggestion)})
# return results
return results
# get supported languages from their site
skip_countries = [
# official language of google-country not in google-languages
'AL', # Albanien (sq)
'AZ', # Aserbaidschan (az)
'BD', # Bangladesch (bn)
'BN', # Brunei Darussalam (ms)
'BT', # Bhutan (dz)
'ET', # Äthiopien (am)
'GE', # Georgien (ka, os)
'GL', # Grönland (kl)
'KH', # Kambodscha (km)
'LA', # Laos (lo)
'LK', # Sri Lanka (si, ta)
'ME', # Montenegro (sr)
'MK', # Nordmazedonien (mk, sq)
'MM', # Myanmar (my)
'MN', # Mongolei (mn)
'MV', # Malediven (dv) // dv_MV is unknown by babel
'MY', # Malaysia (ms)
'NP', # Nepal (ne)
'TJ', # Tadschikistan (tg)
'TM', # Turkmenistan (tk)
'UZ', # Usbekistan (uz)
]
def fetch_traits(engine_traits: EngineTraits, add_domains: bool = True):
"""Fetch languages from Google."""
# pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel, too-many-branches
engine_traits.custom['supported_domains'] = {}
resp = get('https://www.google.com/preferences')
if not resp.ok: # type: ignore
raise RuntimeError("Response from Google's preferences is not OK.")
dom = html.fromstring(resp.text.replace('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>', ''))
# supported language codes
lang_map = {'no': 'nb'}
for x in eval_xpath_list(dom, "//select[@name='hl']/option"):
eng_lang = x.get("value")
try:
locale = babel.Locale.parse(lang_map.get(eng_lang, eng_lang), sep='-')
except babel.UnknownLocaleError:
print("INFO: google UI language %s (%s) is unknown by babel" % (eng_lang, x.text.split("(")[0].strip()))
continue
sxng_lang = language_tag(locale)
conflict = engine_traits.languages.get(sxng_lang)
if conflict:
if conflict != eng_lang:
print("CONFLICT: babel %s --> %s, %s" % (sxng_lang, conflict, eng_lang))
continue
engine_traits.languages[sxng_lang] = 'lang_' + eng_lang
# alias languages
engine_traits.languages['zh'] = 'lang_zh-CN'
# supported region codes
for x in eval_xpath_list(dom, "//select[@name='gl']/option"):
eng_country = x.get("value")
if eng_country in skip_countries:
continue
if eng_country == 'ZZ':
engine_traits.all_locale = 'ZZ'
continue
sxng_locales = get_official_locales(eng_country, engine_traits.languages.keys(), regional=True)
if not sxng_locales:
print("ERROR: can't map from google country %s (%s) to a babel region." % (x.get('data-name'), eng_country))
continue
for sxng_locale in sxng_locales:
engine_traits.regions[region_tag(sxng_locale)] = eng_country
# alias regions
engine_traits.regions['zh-CN'] = 'HK'
# supported domains
if add_domains:
resp = get('https://www.google.com/supported_domains')
if not resp.ok: # type: ignore
raise RuntimeError("Response from https://www.google.com/supported_domains is not OK.")
for domain in resp.text.split(): # type: ignore
domain = domain.strip()
if not domain or domain in [
'.google.com',
]:
continue
region = domain.split('.')[-1].upper()
engine_traits.custom['supported_domains'][region] = 'www' + domain # type: ignore
if region == 'HK':
# There is no google.cn, we use .com.hk for zh-CN
engine_traits.custom['supported_domains']['CN'] = 'www' + domain # type: ignore